character encoding scheme
A combination of the two concepts of character sets and character encodings.
What is Unicode?
Unicode is a set of encoded characters.
A character set is a collection of characters that can be represented ("a", "wa", ...).
A numerical value (non-negative integer value) is assigned to each character in the character set called a code point (code position) in the encoded character set.
UTF-8
UTF-8 is a character encoding scheme of Unicode
A character encoding scheme refers to the conversion of code points into a sequence of bytes
A simple sample
A" expressed by Unicode code point => U+3042 Encoded in UTF-8 => 0xE3 0x81 0x82 encoded in UTF-16 => 0x30 0x42
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